| Advancements in multicolor control of lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles for red/green/blue luminescence |
| Fiza Farooq1,2, Seungyong Shin1,3, Soong Ju Oh3, Ho Seong Jang1,2 |
1Extreme Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Hwarang-Ro 14-Gil, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
2Division of Nanoscience and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
3Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea |
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Received: July 3, 2025; Revised: July 30, 2025 Accepted: August 4, 2025. Published online: September 6, 2025. |
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| ABSTRACT |
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Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are increasingly enabling multicolor emission control for cutting-edge applications in bioimaging and high-resolution displays. This review presents a comprehensive exploration of the strategies employed to modulate emission colors. We begin by dissecting fundamental energy transfer mechanisms highlighting their role in defining color control. Structural engineering, compositional approaches, and modulation techniques are examined for their impact on multicolor control. Special focus is placed on recent advances in orthogonal core/multi-shell architectures that enable red–green–blue emission under distinct near-infrared wavelengths via controlling energy migration pathways and temporal modulations. By consolidating recent progress and addressing ongoing challenges, this review outlines the excitation-selective color tuning in UCNPs for next-generation luminescent materials. |
| Key words:
Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles · Upconversion luminescence · Multicolor emission control · Core/multi-shell structures · Orthogonal RGB luminescence
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