| Phase formation, microstructure, and electrical properties of lead-free BNBLT-CZ ceramics synthesized via the solid-state combustion technique |
Bhoowadol Thatawong1, Widchaya Somsri1, Pathit premwichit1, Sasipohn Prasertpalichat1,2, Nipaphat Charoenthai1,3, Aurawan Rittidech4, Theerachai Bongkarn1,2
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1Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
2Research Center for Academic Excellence in Applied Physics, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
4Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, 44150, Thailand |
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Received: March 4, 2024; Revised: August 7, 2024 Accepted: August 31, 2024. Published online: September 27, 2024. |
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| ABSTRACT |
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Lead-free 1-x(Bi0.47Na0.47Ba0.06)0.95La0.05TiO3-xCaZrO3 (BNBLT-xCZ) ceramics with x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, and 0.04 were synthesized by the solid-state combustion technique with a calcination temperature of 750 °C for 2 h and a sintering temperature of 1150 °C for 2 h. The effect of CZ substitution on the phase formation, microstructure, and electrical and energy-storage properties of the BNBLT-xCZ ceramics was investigated. The BNBLT-xCZ ceramics showed coexisting rhombohedral (R) and tetragonal (T) phases for all compositions. The T phase tended to increase and then rapidly decreased at x = 0.03, as verified by Rietveld refinement analysis. The average grain size decreased from 1.13 ± 0.37 to 0.78 ± 0.22 μm when x increased from 0 to 0.04. The measured density was in the range of 5.45 ± 0.03–5.67 ± 0.06 g/cm3. The maximum dielectric constant (εm), remanent polarization (Pr), and coercive field (Ec) decreased with increased CZ content. A significant decrease in the maximum polarization (Pmax) was obtained with CZ ≥ 0.03. The results of impedance spectroscopy demonstrated that the bulk response in resistivity decreased as CZ content increased. Under an electric field of 100 kV/cm, the BNBLT-0.03CZ ceramic exhibited a maximum energy-storage efficiency (η) of 80.3% and a high energy-storage density (W) of 0.92 J/cm3. |
| Key words:
BNBLT-xCZ · Combustion · Dielectric · Ferroelectric · Energy storage |
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