| Preparation of multiferroic lead iron niobate thin film with low crystallization temperature via sol–gel method using monoethanolamine |
| Young-Jin Lee1, Ji-Hun Park1, Jae-Hyeon Cho1, Uwe Rau2, Kaining Ding2, Wook Jo1 |
1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jülich-UNIST Joint Leading Institute for Advanced Energy Research , Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919 , Republic of Korea
2IEK5-Photovoltaics , Forschungszentrum Jülich , Wilhelm-Johnen-Strasse , 52425 Jülich , Germany |
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Received: November 5, 2022; Revised: March 31, 2023 Accepted: April 3, 2023. Published online: May 16, 2023. |
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| ABSTRACT |
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This study reports the synthesis of a multiferroic lead iron niobate (PbFe1/2Nb1/2O3, PFN) thin fi lm with a low crystallization temperature using monoethanolamine (MEA) as a chelating agent via a sol–gel method. The results revealed that the presence of MEA led the Nb precursor to react at ~ 150 °C instead of 325–350 °C, thus indicating that the Nb precursor reacted fi rst with the Fe precursor rather than the Pb precursor. Furthermore, X-ray diff raction patterns revealed that the addition of MEA allowed the PFN thin fi lms to be sintered as a single phase at low temperatures (~500 °C), while this can be only achieved at temperatures above 800 °C in the absence of MEA. The scanning electron microscope images revealed that the obtained PFN thin fi lm was uniformly coated on the SiO2/Si substrate both in the absence and presence of MEA. Consequently, the presence of MEA can broaden the application scope of PFN thin fi lms in photovoltaic devices. |
| Key words:
Lead iron niobate · Monoethanolamine · Sol–gel method · Spin coating |
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