| Large intraparticle mesoporosity of hierarchical ZSM-5 synthesized from kaolin using silicalite seed: effect of aging time and temperature |
| Abdul Hamid1, Reva Edra Nugraha2, Holilah Holilah3, Hasliza Bahruji4, Didik Prasetyoko3 |
1Department of Heavy Equipment Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Madura, Madura, East Java, Indonesia
2Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, Surabaya, East Java 60294, Indonesia
3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Keputih, Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
4Centre for Advanced Material and Energy Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan BE 1410, Gadong, Brunei |
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Received: June 23, 2022; Revised: October 17, 2022 Accepted: November 14, 2022. Published online: November 22, 2022. |
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| ABSTRACT |
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The development of a simple, effective, and replicable method for the formation of hierarchically structured materials from natural sources has drawn significant research interest recently. The current study analyzes the two-step hydrothermal synthesis of Indonesian kaolin to hierarchical ZSM-5. The aging temperature and time are the two crucial parameters that contributed to the intraparticle mesoporosity of ZSM-5. The aging step is a decisive step in the nucleation process of zeolite synthesis, this step can affect the crystal and pore structure of the zeolite product. N2 adsorption–desorption with the NLDFT method was used to determine the intraparticle mesoporosity at P/P0 = 0.3–0.4. The large intraparticle mesoporosity enables materials to have wide structural functions owing to intensify accessibility and mass transport properties. A statistical experimental design based on the Taguchi method with L9 orthogonal array and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to identify the percentage of contribution for each parameter on the development of mesoporosity. The optimum aging condition at 70 °C for 6 h with the S / N ratio of 49.630, produced intracrystalline mesopore ZSM-5 with the largest mesoporous surface area of 303.067 m2/g and 0.596 cc/g of the pore volume. The relationship between aging time and temperature in the mesostructured creation in hierarchical ZSM-5 was revealed by the data analysis of the interaction plot for the S/N ratio. |
| Key words:
Aging time · Aging temperature · Hierarchical ZSM-5 · Taguchi |
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