| Effects of attrition milling on the microstructure and piezoelectric properties of BiFeO 3–BaTiO 3 ceramics |
| Su-Hwan Go, Kang San Kim, Jeong Seog Kim, Chae Il Cheon |
| Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam 31499, South Korea |
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Received: July 29, 2022; Revised: December 9, 2022 Accepted: February 18, 2023. Published online: March 16, 2023. |
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| ABSTRACT |
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Effects of attrition milling on densification behavior, phase evolution, microstructure development, and piezoelectric properties were investigated in 0.75 BiFeO3–0.25 BaTiO3 ceramics sintered at temperatures from 940 to 1040 ᕑ. The ballmilled sample showed abrupt non-uniform grain growth at sintering temperature around 980 ᕑ which led to the increase of a rhombohedral distortion due to enhancement in chemical homogeneity. However, the density decreased significantly at sintering temperatures above 960 ᕑ. Attrition milling mitigated significantly the decrease in the density and inhibited abrupt inhomogeneous grain growth. Co-existence of a rhombohedral and a pseudo-cubic phase was verified in the 0.75 BiFeO3–0.25 BaTiO3 ceramics sintered at 1000 ᕑ by Rietveld refinement using X-ray diffraction. The attrition-milled sample had a larger amount of the pseudo-cubic phase than the ball-milled sample because of ZrO2 incorporation during attrition milling. Attrition milling enhanced the dielectric constant and the electromechanical factor (kp), which resulted from the increased density and the donor doping effect due to ZrO2 incorporation. |
| Key words:
BiFeO3–BaTiO3 ceramics · Attrition milling · Density · Microstructure · Piezoelectric properties |
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